Food Rules (an old-fashioned book review!)

I just read Michael Pollan's Food Rules, a fun little book that was created as a companion to his In Defense of Food.

The book approaches the basic (important, yet also an object of obsession) issue of food & eating habits. Mr. Pollan analyzes our (modern Western) culture's relationship to nutrition and diagnoses it as ailing.

("Populations that eat a so-called Western diet -- generally defined as a diet consisting of lots of processed foods and meat, lots of added fat and sugar, lots of refined grains, lots of everything except vegetables, fruits and whole grains -- invariably suffer from high rates of the so-called Western diseases: obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.")

In response to the simple questions What do we eat? How should we eat? Mr. Pollan proposes some simple "rules" -- many of them culled from generations of human experience. The very, very abridged version of these rules is "Eat Food. Mostly Plants. Not too much."

One aspect that I found striking in this book is Pollan's assessment of the modern world's widespread weight gain -- we tend to consider being overweight or obese a personal problem, and certainly those of us who are are acutely aware of our own avoirdupois, but actually this is a cultural -- not individual -- trend: the percentage of overweight and obese Americans is growing at an alarming rate. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) calls it an "epidemic" -- the U.S. overall obesity rate is now 26.7%, with variations by region and ethnic group, and as the pounds accumulate, the other health issues pile on.

Michael Pollan's little book is a reminder that the "solution"to this health crisis is completely (almost, of course there are some endocrinological exceptions) in our own hands; we can have self-control and we can reinforce it by making specific decisions.

These are a few of the Rules which especially tickled my fancy:

• #7: Avoid food products containing ingredients that a third-grader cannot pronounce.
• #13: Eat only foods that will eventually rot.
• #19: If it came from a plant, eat it; if it was made in a plant, don't.
• #21: It's not food if it's called by the same name in every language. (Think Big Mac, Cheetos or Pringles.)
• #25: Eat your colors.
• #30: Eat well-grown food from healthy soil.
• #34: Sweeten and salt your food yourself.
• #37: "The whiter the bread, the sooner you'll be dead."
• #46: Stop eating before you are full.
• #57: Don't get your fuel from the same place your car does.
• # 60: Treat treats as treats.
• #64: Break the rules once in a while.

Eye of Newt & Toe of Frog ...

Fillet of a fenny snake,
In the cauldron boil and bake;
Eye of newt, and toe of frog,
Wool of bat, and tongue of dog,
Adder’s fork, and blind-worm’s sting,
Lizard’s leg, and howlet’s wing,
For a charm of powerful trouble,
Like a hell-broth boil and bubble.


Double, double toil and trouble;
Fire burn and cauldron bubble.
(Macbeth by W. Shakespeare; Act IV, Scene 1)

I think that there is a general impression that Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) are made from all sorts of super-icky things (and there's no dispute on the errors of overuse of tiger bones and rhino horns!) Actually, about 85-90% of the most commonly used herbs in the Chinese materia medica (which is roughly counted as 1500 items) are plant-based. We have roots, twigs, leaves, flowers. I often like to joke when dispensing bags of raw herbs that they are "lawn sweepings" -- but good for you!

Because it is a traditional cultural use medicine, some of the theories that CHM is organized around include the "signature effect" (not unique to the Asian materia medica), the thinking that an herb source's form will indicate its use. Some reflections of this are theory are:

• flowers & plants that succesfully struggle to grow high on mountains are more "yang" & can tonify such a deficiency
• aerial plant parts, or branches are used to treat a patient's limbs
• "bleeding flees from black" (charred herbs are styptic)
• dense and juicy tubers or fruits can nourish "yin"
• small, wriggly bugs (yes, bugs) can seek out blood stagnation in the tiny channel collaterals.

These types of theories partially inform the theory of the herbal medicine that we practice (other theories and classifications of herbal substances are more based on empirical observation of their uses). Interestingly, a lot of the modern pharmacological research being conducted in Asia is meant to "prove" in biochemical terms the veracity of these old theories (and seems to frequently do so).

Chinese herbs don't hold the franchise on the"ick" factor -- some modern pharmaceuticals have gross origins too! Some of these include fish semen (used to treat heparin overdoses), rat poison (Coumadin), pregnant mares' urine (Premarin).

bulbous buttercup

Note: Please, those of you who are taking Coumadin, please do become familiar with its side effects, as this drug can have very serious risks (gangrene or death).

p.s. It is actually thought that some, or most of the ingredients in the witches' brew listed above were actually names of plants. "Eye of newt" may have been mustard seeds; "toe of frog" a reference to bulbous buttercup; "tongue of dog" a plant in the borage family, and so forth!